2020 was a watershed year in Hong Kong SAR’s development under the “One Country, Two Systems” principle. Reacting to political disorder and social unrest, the Chinese central government promulgated a national security law and a new electoral system in Hong Kong to guarantee that the city is governed by ‘patriots’. On 6 November 2021, instead of being purely optimistic or pessimistic, Prof. CHEUNG, Prof. LUI, and Dr. HO provided objective analysis of the political challenges facing Hong Kong as well as pragmatic solutions.